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HopfAlgebras.Hopf.LabelledCoproduct

Labelled Coproduct Terms in the Forest Algebra #

This file turns the finite labelled cut-term lists from HopfAlgebras.Cuts.Labelled into elements of the monoid algebra on pairs of labelled rooted forests. A pair (φ, ψ) represents the basis tensor φ ⊗ ψ.

Planar labelled cut terms are extended to non-planar labelled forests through the forest quotient.

@[reducible, inline]
abbrev HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra (α : Type u) (R : Type v) [Semiring R] :
Type (max u v)

Tensor-coded labelled forest algebra: (φ, ψ) represents the basis tensor φ ⊗ ψ.

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    The basis tensor represented by a pair of labelled rooted forests.

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      noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.ofForests {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (φ ψ : LRootedForest α) :

      The basis tensor φ ⊗ ψ.

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        theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.ofForests_add {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (φ₁ φ₂ ψ₁ ψ₂ : LRootedForest α) :
        ofForests (φ₁ + φ₂) (ψ₁ + ψ₂) = ofForests φ₁ ψ₁ * ofForests φ₂ ψ₂

        Sum a finite list of labelled basis tensors. Duplicates contribute multiplicity.

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          theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.sumTerms_cons {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α) (terms : List (LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α)) :
          sumTerms (term :: terms) = ofPair term + sumTerms terms

          Forget labels in the tensor-coded labelled forest algebra.

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            Erasing labels commutes with summing finite tensor basis terms.

            Constantly label tensor basis terms as an additive homomorphism.

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              noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.constLabel {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (a : α) (x : ForestTensorAlgebra R) :

              Label every vertex in tensor-coded unlabelled forest algebra terms by the same label.

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                theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.constLabel_one {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (a : α) :
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                Constant labelling commutes with summing finite tensor basis terms.

                Relabel tensor basis terms as an additive homomorphism.

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                  noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.mapLabels {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (x : LForestTensorAlgebra α R) :

                  Relabel tensor-coded labelled forest algebra terms.

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                    theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_zero {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) :
                    mapLabels f 0 = 0
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                    theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_add {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (x y : LForestTensorAlgebra α R) :
                    mapLabels f (x + y) = mapLabels f x + mapLabels f y
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                    theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_one {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) :
                    mapLabels f 1 = 1
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                    theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_mul {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (x y : LForestTensorAlgebra α R) :
                    mapLabels f (x * y) = mapLabels f x * mapLabels f y
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                    theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_ofPair {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α) :
                    theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_sumTerms {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (terms : List (LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α)) :

                    Relabelling commutes with summing finite tensor basis terms.

                    Apply the labelled counit to the left tensor factor.

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                      Apply the labelled counit to the right tensor factor.

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                        @[reducible, inline]
                        abbrev HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra (α : Type u) (R : Type v) [Semiring R] :
                        Type (max u v)

                        Triple tensor-coded labelled forest algebra: (φ, ψ, η) represents the basis tensor φ ⊗ ψ ⊗ η.

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                          The basis triple tensor represented by a triple of labelled rooted forests.

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                            The basis tensor φ ⊗ ψ ⊗ η.

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                              theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.ofForests_add {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (φ₁ φ₂ ψ₁ ψ₂ η₁ η₂ : LRootedForest α) :
                              ofForests (φ₁ + φ₂) (ψ₁ + ψ₂) (η₁ + η₂) = ofForests φ₁ ψ₁ η₁ * ofForests φ₂ ψ₂ η₂

                              Sum a finite list of labelled basis triple tensors. Duplicates contribute multiplicity.

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                                Multiply two finite lists of labelled triple tensor basis terms.

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                                  Forget labels in a triple tensor basis term, as an additive homomorphism.

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                                    Forget labels in the triple tensor-coded labelled forest algebra.

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                                      Erasing labels commutes with summing finite triple tensor basis terms.

                                      Constantly label triple tensor basis terms as an additive homomorphism.

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                                        Label every vertex in triple tensor-coded unlabelled forest algebra terms by one label.

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                                          Constant labelling commutes with summing finite triple tensor basis terms.

                                          Relabel triple tensor basis terms as an additive homomorphism.

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                                            noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.mapLabels {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (x : LForestTripleTensorAlgebra α R) :

                                            Relabel triple tensor-coded labelled forest algebra terms.

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                                              theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_zero {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) :
                                              mapLabels f 0 = 0
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                                              theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_add {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (x y : LForestTripleTensorAlgebra α R) :
                                              mapLabels f (x + y) = mapLabels f x + mapLabels f y
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                                              theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_one {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) :
                                              mapLabels f 1 = 1
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                                              theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.mapLabels_mul {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (x y : LForestTripleTensorAlgebra α R) :
                                              mapLabels f (x * y) = mapLabels f x * mapLabels f y

                                              Relabelling commutes with summing finite triple tensor basis terms.

                                              Embed a labelled pair tensor as the first two factors of a triple tensor.

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                                                Embed a labelled pair tensor as the last two factors of a triple tensor.

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                                                  noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.PLTree.labelledCoproduct {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (t : PLTree α) :

                                                  The planar labelled BCK coproduct, represented in the tensor-coded algebra.

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                                                    noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.PLTree.labelledReducedCoproduct {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (t : PLTree α) :

                                                    The reduced planar labelled BCK coproduct, summing only proper cut terms.

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                                                      noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.PLTree.labelledCoproductList {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (ts : List (PLTree α)) :

                                                      Multiplicative extension of the planar labelled coproduct to labelled forests.

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                                                        noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.PLTree.labelledReducedCoproductList {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (ts : List (PLTree α)) :

                                                        The reduced planar labelled BCK coproduct of a planar labelled forest.

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                                                          Erasing labels sends the labelled planar coproduct to the unlabelled coproduct.

                                                          Erasing labels sends the labelled planar forest coproduct to the unlabelled coproduct.

                                                          A finite representative list for the labelled forest coproduct, using Quotient.out.

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                                                            theorem HopfAlgebras.LRootedForest.coproductTerms_order {α : Type u} {φ : LRootedForest α} {term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} (hterm : term φ.coproductTerms) :
                                                            term.1.order + term.2.order = φ.order
                                                            theorem HopfAlgebras.LRootedForest.coproductTerms_left_eq_zero {α : Type u} {φ : LRootedForest α} {term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} (hterm : term φ.coproductTerms) (hleft : term.1 = 0) :
                                                            term.2 = φ

                                                            The only labelled forest coproduct terms with empty left factor are 1 ⊗ φ.

                                                            theorem HopfAlgebras.LRootedForest.coproductTerms_right_eq_zero {α : Type u} {φ : LRootedForest α} {term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} (hterm : term φ.coproductTerms) (hright : term.2 = 0) :
                                                            term.1 = φ

                                                            The only labelled forest coproduct terms with empty right factor are φ ⊗ 1.

                                                            The labelled forest coproduct has exactly one term with empty left factor.

                                                            The labelled forest coproduct has exactly one term with empty right factor.

                                                            A finite representative list for the reduced labelled forest coproduct.

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                                                              noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.LRootedForest.coproduct {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [CommSemiring R] (φ : LRootedForest α) :

                                                              The multiplicative labelled coproduct of a non-planar labelled forest.

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                                                                The reduced BCK coproduct of a non-planar labelled forest.

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                                                                  Apply the labelled coproduct to the first tensor factor, the map Δ ⊗ id.

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                                                                    Apply the labelled coproduct to the second tensor factor, the map id ⊗ Δ.

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                                                                      theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.sumTerms_liftLeft_mul_ofForests {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [CommSemiring R] (terms : List (LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α)) (ψ : LRootedForest α) :
                                                                      sumTerms (List.map (fun (term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α) => (term.1, term.2, 0)) terms) * ofForests 0 0 ψ = sumTerms (List.map (fun (term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α) => (term.1, term.2, ψ)) terms)
                                                                      theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.ofForests_mul_sumTerms_liftRight {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [CommSemiring R] (φ : LRootedForest α) (terms : List (LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α)) :
                                                                      ofForests φ 0 0 * sumTerms (List.map (fun (term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α) => (0, term.1, term.2)) terms) = sumTerms (List.map (fun (term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α) => (φ, term.1, term.2)) terms)
                                                                      theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.multiplyTerms_perm {α : Type u} {xs xs' ys ys' : List (LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α)} (hxs : xs.Perm xs') (hys : ys.Perm ys') :
                                                                      (multiplyTerms xs ys).Perm (multiplyTerms xs' ys')
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                                                                          theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.coproductLeftTerm_order {α : Type u} {term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} {triple : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} (htriple : triple coproductLeftTerm term) :
                                                                          triple.1.order + triple.2.1.order + triple.2.2.order = term.1.order + term.2.order
                                                                          theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.coproductRightTerm_order {α : Type u} {term : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} {triple : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} (htriple : triple coproductRightTerm term) :
                                                                          triple.1.order + triple.2.1.order + triple.2.2.order = term.1.order + term.2.order
                                                                          theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.coproductLeftTerms_order {α : Type u} {terms : List (LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α)} {m : } (hterms : termterms, term.1.order + term.2.order = m) {triple : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} (htriple : triple coproductLeftTerms terms) :
                                                                          triple.1.order + triple.2.1.order + triple.2.2.order = m
                                                                          theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestTripleTensorAlgebra.coproductRightTerms_order {α : Type u} {terms : List (LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α)} {m : } (hterms : termterms, term.1.order + term.2.order = m) {triple : LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α × LRootedForest α} (htriple : triple coproductRightTerms terms) :
                                                                          triple.1.order + triple.2.1.order + triple.2.2.order = m
                                                                          noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.LRootedTree.coproduct {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (τ : LRootedTree α) :

                                                                          The BCK coproduct of a non-planar labelled rooted tree.

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                                                                            noncomputable def HopfAlgebras.LRootedTree.reducedCoproduct {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [Semiring R] (τ : LRootedTree α) :

                                                                            The reduced BCK coproduct of a non-planar labelled rooted tree.

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                                                                              The labelled BCK coproduct as an algebra morphism on the labelled forest algebra.

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                                                                                theorem HopfAlgebras.LForestAlgebra.mapLabels_coproduct {α : Type u} {R : Type v} [CommSemiring R] {β : Type w} (f : αβ) (x : LForestAlgebra α R) :